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Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002) - Macau (2001)
Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002) z Macau (2001)
| Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002) | Macau (2001) | |
-2002-bmala.jpg) |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
0-14 years:
22.68% (male 53,291; female 49,615) 15-64 years: 70.08% (male 150,538; female 167,431) 65 years and over: 7.24% (male 13,287; female 19,571) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products | rice, vegetables |
| Airports | 5 (2001) | 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 2 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 1 (2002) |
total:
1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 3 3
under 914 m: 3 (2002) |
- |
| Area | total: 12,173 sq km
land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands |
total:
21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Connecticut | about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. | Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population | 12.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $66.2 million
expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million |
revenues:
$1.26 billion expenditures: $1.22 billion, including capital expenditures of $175 million (1999 est.) |
| Capital | Stanley | - |
| Climate | cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate | subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers |
| Coastline | 1,288 km | 40 km |
| Constitution | 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 | Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
conventional long form:
Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese) |
| Currency | Falkland pound (FKP) | pataca (MOP) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population | 3.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $1.7 billion (1997) |
| Dependency status | overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina | special administrative region of China |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) | the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Disputes - international | claimed by Argentina | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | none | $NA |
| Economy - overview | The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. The second largest source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost. | The economy is based largely on tourism (including gambling) and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify have spawned other small industries - toys, artificial flowers, and electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and the clothing industry has provided about three-fourths of export earnings; the gambling industry probably represents over 40% of GDP. More than 8 million tourists visited Macau in 2000. Macau depends on China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods. Output dropped 5% in 1998 and 3% in 1999, with a small 2% gain in 2000. Macau reverted to Chinese administration on 20 December 1999. Gang violence, a dark spot in the economy, probably will be reduced in 2000-01 to the advantage of the tourism sector. |
| Electricity - consumption | 11.2 million kWh (1999) | 1.422 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 3 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 165 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 12 million kWh (1999) | 1.355 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m |
lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 174 m |
| Environment - current issues | overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster | NA |
| Ethnic groups | British | Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other |
| Exchange rates | Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound | patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2001), 8.025 (2000), 7.990 (1999), 7.978 (1998), 7.974 (1997), 7.966 (1996); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch |
chief of state:
President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: NA |
| Exports | $7.6 million (1995) | $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | wool, hides, meat | textiles, clothing, toys, electronics, cement, footwear, machinery |
| Exports - partners | UK, Japan, Chile, NZ | US 47%, EU 30%, China 9.2%, Hong Kong 6.7% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | calendar year |
| Flag description | blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT | light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $52 million (1996 est.) | purchasing power parity - $7.82 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture:
1% industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $19,000 | purchasing power parity - $17,500 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 1% | 2% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 51 45 S, 59 00 W | 22 10 N, 113 33 E |
| Geography - note | deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season | essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland |
| Highways | total: 550 km
paved: at least 50 km unpaved: NA (2002) |
total:
50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $24.7 million (1995) | $2.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing | raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods, fuels, consumer goods |
| Imports - partners | UK, Japan, Chile, NZ | China 36%, Hong Kong 18%, EU 13%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 7% (1999) |
| Independence | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins; tourism | clothing, textiles, toys, electronics, footwear, tourism, gambling |
| Infant mortality rate | NA deaths/1,000 live births | 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 3.6% (1998) (1998) | -1.8% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | ICFTU | CCC, ESCAP (associate), IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction | The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region |
| Labor force | 1,100 (est.) | 283,450 (1999) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) | restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 22%, other services 52% (2000 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total:
0.34 km border countries: China 0.34 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.) |
arable land:
0% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 98% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English | Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) |
| Legal system | English common law | based on Portuguese civil law system |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor
elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout |
unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (23 seats; 8 elected by popular vote, 8 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 22 September 1996 (next to be held by 15 October 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APPEM 2, UNIPRO 2, CODEM 1, UDM 1, UPD 1, ANMD 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years |
total population:
81.69 years male: 78.88 years female: 84.64 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.) |
| Location | Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina | Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China |
| Map references | South America | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | continental shelf: 200 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
not specified |
| Merchant marine | none (2002 est.) | none (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the UK | responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999 |
| Military branches | British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force | Macau garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes about 500 troops |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | - |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
125,737 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
69,191 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) | National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day |
| Nationality | noun: Falkland Islander(s)
adjective: Falkland Island |
noun:
Chinese adjective: Chinese |
| Natural hazards | strong winds persist throughout the year | typhoons |
| Natural resources | fish, wildlife | NEGL |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population | 9.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | none; all independents | the following is a listing of those associations that participated in the last legislative elections: Associacao de Novo Macau Democratico or ANMD [leader NA]; Associacao Promotora para a Economia de Macau or APPEM [leader NA]; Convergencia para o Desenvolvimento or CODEM [leader NA]; Uniao Geral para o Desenvolvimento de Macau or UDM [leader NA]; Uniao para o Desenvolvimento or UPD [leader NA]; Uniao Promotora para o Progresso or UNIPRO [leader NA]
note: there are no formal political parties, but civic associations are used instead |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] |
| Population | 2,967 (July 2002 est.) | 453,733 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 2.44% (2002 est.) | 1.79% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Stanley | Macau |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 1,000 (1997) | 160,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist | Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies |
| Telephone system | general assessment: NA
domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries |
general assessment:
fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | 176,837 (2000) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 120,957 (2000) |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service)
note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002) |
0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997) |
| Terrain | rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains | generally flat |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman | 1.31 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | full employment; labor shortage | 6.6% (2000) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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